Colonial (1700-1780)

Graceful and Refined - Elegant Appearance. (Federal style shown)

Outward Flare - Arms have slight outward curve.

	Cane - Woven rattan.
	Upholstered - Cushioned and fabric covered.
	Wood - Solid wood, horizontal slats, vertical slats, or vertical splats.

	Fiddleback - Fiddle-shaped central splat.
	Ladderback or Slatback - Equally spaced horizontal flat slats, either straight or curved.
	Solid - One piece or solid panel chair back.
	Spindle - Simple turned vertical slats.

	Cabriole - Curved leg in the shape of an animal's leg. The cabriole leg increased the stability of seating pieces and reduced the need for underbracing.
	Decorated Cabriole - Cabriole leg with decorative carving, usually on the knee.
	Elaborate Turning - Turned leg with multiple types of turnings.
	Round - Round, usually shaped or turned leg.
	Simple Turning - Turned leg with a few types of turnings.
	Straight - Straight leg, vertical to chair seat.

	Cane - Woven rattan.
	Rush - Woven rush.
	Upholstered - Cushioned and covered with fabric.
	Wood - Various types of wood.

	Horseshoe - Horseshoe shaped seat with a rounded front.
	Square - Square shaped seat.

	Bat Wing Plate with Bail - Bat shaped solid or pierced cast brass back plate with a bail handle. The size of the backplate varies from 2.75 to 4.5 inches wide by 2 to 3.25 inches high.
	Carved Wood (Simple) - Simple carved handle made of wood.
	Turned Wooden Knob - Elongated, turned wooden knob, often 3 inches long and 1.25 inches in diameter.

	Chintz - Plain woven sometimes glazed cloth imprinted with patterns or designs, often floral with five bright colors.
	Crewel - Embroidery using wool on closely woven cotton, linen, or wool, often of floral motifs and vines.
	Damask - Medium weight, glossy fabric with a reversible pattern and a figured intricate weave, often of linen, cotton, silk, or wool.
	Needlepoint - A type of counted thread embroidery in which yarn is stitched through an open canvas weave.
	Tapestry - Heavy weight fabric with decorative designs.

	Gilding - Gold leaf.
	Oil Varnish - Clear finish that emphasized the grain of the wood.
	Paint - Opaque, pigmented finish that obscures the grain of the wood.
	Wax - Paste finish over a sealer, stain, or bare wood.

	Block - Flat-surfaced foot.
	Bracket - Angular curved foot, usually used with case furniture.
	Bun - Rounded foot, flatter than a ball foot.
	Continuation of leg - Leg does not terminate into a foot.
	Drake - Simple carved animal paw.
	Pad - Simple, rounded carved foot.

	Brass - Yellowish metal made from copper and zinc.
	Iron - Grayish-brown metal with a dull finish.
	Leather - Animal hide, used in strips as pulls.
	Wood - Various types of wood, carved or turned.

	Dovetail - An interlocking wood joint in which a series of wedge-shaped projections fits into a series of alternating grooves.
	Mortise and tenon - Wood joint in which a projecting tenon of one board is fitted into a mortise or hole of another board.

	Cyma or S-Curve - S-shaped curve, partly concave and partly convex.
	Straight - Straight lines.

	Acanthus leaf - Conventionalized leaf.
	Floral - Flowers, such as roses, sunflowers, and tulips.
	Oriental Patterns - Oriental figures, usually painted or lacquered.
	Seaweed - Very delicate marquetry representing a marine plant.
	Shell - Fan shaped shell.

	Carving - Cutting or chipping the surface of wood to create a shape or design.
	Finial - Decorative turning affixed to the tops of case furniture, and chair and bed posts.
	Inlay - Contrasting material set into the surface of wood to create a shape or design.
	Marquetry - Combinations of veneer used to create pictures or patterns.
	Stenciling - Painting through a template to create a shape or design on the underlying wood surface.

Medium - Moderate dimensions. (Queen Anne style shown)

Moderate - Moderately proportioned stretchers. (William and Mary style shown)

	Ash - Whitish-gray American hardwood with similar graining to oak.
	Black Walnut - Dark brown American hardwood with a wide range of figures.
	Elm - Red-brown American hardwood.
	Fruitwood - Pink-brown American hardwood, including apple and pear.
	Hickory - Red-brown American hardwood.
	Mahogany - Red-brown South American and African hardwood.
	Maple - Golden to Red-brown American hardwood with a wide range of figures.

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