William and Mary (1690-1725)

Graceful and Refined - Elegant Appearance. (Federal style shown)

	Contoured - Arms curve inward.
	Straight - Arms are straight and perpendicular to the chair.

	Cane - Woven rattan.
	Upholstered - Cushioned and fabric covered.
	Wood - Solid wood, horizontal slats, vertical slats, or vertical splats.

	Banister - Three to six vertical turned slats in the shape of a baluster, flat on the front and round on the back.
	Stile and Panel - Wood or cane back panel framed between two straight or turned stiles.

	Cabriole - Curved leg in the shape of an animal's leg. The cabriole leg increased the stability of seating pieces and reduced the need for underbracing.
	Elaborate Turning - Turned leg with multiple types of turnings.
	Round - Round, usually shaped or turned leg.
	Straight - Straight leg, vertical to chair seat.

	Cane - Woven rattan.
	Leather - Animal hide.
	Rush - Woven rush.
	Upholstered - Cushioned and covered with fabric.

Square - Square shaped seat.

	Ring Pull with Round Back Plate - Ring pull attached by a knob to a circular back plate.
	Tear Drop - Tear-drop shaped pull attached by a knob to a back plate. The back plate is usually circular, oval, or diamond shaped.
	Turned Wooden Knob - Elongated, turned wooden knob, often 3 inches long and 1.25 inches in diameter.

	Chintz - Plain woven sometimes glazed cloth imprinted with patterns or designs, often floral with five bright colors.
	Damask - Medium weight, glossy fabric with a reversible pattern and a figured intricate weave, often of linen, cotton, silk, or wool.
	Needlepoint - A type of counted thread embroidery in which yarn is stitched through an open canvas weave.

	Gilding - Gold leaf.
	Lacquer - Tough, adherent finish that can be clear or pigmented.
	Oil Varnish - Clear finish that emphasized the grain of the wood.
	Paint - Opaque, pigmented finish that obscures the grain of the wood.
	Wax - Paste finish over a sealer, stain, or bare wood.

	Ball - Rounded ball-shaped foot.
	Bun - Rounded foot, flatter than a ball foot.
	Spanish - Elaborately carved foot, resembling a hoof.

	Brass - Yellowish metal made from copper and zinc.
	Iron - Grayish-brown metal with a dull finish.
	Silver - Gray-white metal, which can be highly polished.

Dovetail - An interlocking wood joint in which a series of wedge-shaped projections fits into a series of alternating grooves.

Straight - Straight lines.

	Acanthus leaf - Conventionalized leaf.
	Floral - Flowers, such as roses, sunflowers, and tulips.
	Oriental Patterns - Oriental figures, usually painted or lacquered.
	Scroll - Form that resembles a roll of parchment paper.
	Seaweed - Very delicate marquetry representing a marine plant.
	Shell - Fan shaped sell.

	Carving - Cutting or chipping the surface of wood to create a shape or design.
	Inlay - Contrasting material set into the surface of wood to create a shape or design.
	Marquetry - Combinations of veneer used to create pictures or patterns.
	Oriental Lacquerwork - A lacquer surface on which designs are drawn in gold or color; also referred to as Japanning or chinoiserie.
	Parquetry - Combinations of veneer used to create geometric patterns.

Medium - Moderate dimensions. (Queen Anne style shown)

Moderate - Moderately proportioned stretchers (William and Mary style shown).

	Black Walnut - Dark brown American hardwood with a wide range of figures.
	Ebony Veneer - Dark brown to black African hardwood with black stripes.
	Fruitwood - Pink-brown American hardwood, including apple and pear.
	Holly - Creamy-white American hardwood with a speckled grain.

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